Title

Page

Preface

iii

List of Exercises

V

Section 1

Introduction to the Microbiological Laboratory

1

Exercise 1

Laboratory Rules

2

Common Laboratory Signs

3

Exercise 2

Introduction to the Laboratory Equipment and Material

4

Section 2

Sterilization

10

Exercise 3

Basic Terminology

11

Methods of Sterilization

12

Section 3

Methods and Strategies for the Detection of Microorganisms

14

Exercise 4

Simple Staining

17

Exercise 5

Gram Staining

19

Exercise 6

Acid Fast Staining (Ziehl-Neelsen Stain)

21

Exercise 7

Kinyoun Staining

23

Exercise 8

Wade-Fite Staining

24

Exercise 9

Fite-Faraco Staining

26

Exercise 10

Auramine Phenol Staining

28

Images

Exercise 1-10

30

Special Staining

31

Exercise 11

Flagella Staining (Liefson’s Method)

32

Exercise 12

Endospores Staining

34

Exercise 13

Capsule Staining

36

Exercise 14

Protozoa Staining

38

Images

Exercise 11 – 14

40

Section 4

Biochemical tests for the identification of bacteria

41

Section 4.1

Biochemical tests for the identification of Gram positive bacteria

43

Exercise 15

Catalase Test

44

Exercise 16

Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)

45

Exercise 17

Blood Agar Plate Test (BAP)

46

Exercise 18

Optochin Sensitivity Test (Taxos P)

48

Exercise 19

Bacitracin Sensitivity Test (Taxos A)

50

Exercise 20

CAMP Test

52

Images

Exercise  15– 20

54

Exercise 21

Bile Esculin Agar Test

55

Exercise 22

Nitrate Broth Test

57

Exercise 23

Spirit Blue Agar Test

59

Exercise 24

Starch Hydrolysis Test

60

Exercise 25

Motility Test

62

Exercise 26

Coagulase Test

64

Images

Exercise 21 – 26

65

Section 4.2

Biochemical tests for the identification of Gram negative bacteria

66

Exercise 27

Oxidase Test

67

Exercise 28

Glucose Broth Test

68

Exercise 29

Methyl Red Test (MR)

70

Exercise 30

Voges Proskauer Test (VP)

71

Exercise 31

Klinger’s Iron Agar Test (KIA)

72

Images

Exercise 27 – 31

74

Exercise 32

Nitrate Broth Test

75

Exercise 33

MacConkey Agar Test

77

Exercise 34

Eosin Methylene blue Agar Test (EMB)

78

Exercise 35

Simmons Citrate Agar

79

Exercise 36

Urease Test

80

Exercise 37

Sulfur Indole Motility Media (SIM)

81

Exercise 38

Potassium Hydroxide Test

83

Images

Exercise 32 – 38

84

Section 4.3

Other Biochemical tests for the identification of specific bacterial species.

85

Exercise 39

Nagler’s Reaction (Lecithinase Test)

86

Exercise 40

DNase test

87

Exercise 41

Hippurate Test

88

Exercise 42

Indole Test

89

Exercise 43

Phenylalanine Deaminase Test

90

Exercise 44

Tween 80 hydrolysis Test

91

Exercise 45

Gelatin Hydrolysis Test

92

Exercise 46

Stokes Disk Diffusion Method

93

Images

Exercise 39 – 46

94

Sources Consulted

95