Biochem-502

Biochem-302             BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY          3(2-1) 

Learning Objectives

To impart fundamental knowledge of structures, functions and metabolic pathways of biomolecules and biochemical analysis of food and plant materials. 

Theory

Carbohydrates: Definition and classification, monosaccharides; pyranose and furanose ring structures. Stereoisomerism and optical isomerism. Glycosidic bond, glycosides.Disaccharides; structures, occurrence and properties. Polysaccharides, structures, occurrence and chemical properties of starch, glycogen and cellulose. Carbohydrate metabolism, respiration, glycolysis, Krebs cycle and fermentation. Electron transport chain. Photosynthesis, energy conversion, carbon fixation, C3, C4 and CAM plant photorespiration. Proteins:  Definition and classification, classification and structures of amino acids, essential and nonessential amino acids. Peptide bond, polypeptide chain and primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins. Biochemical functions of proteins. Enzymes and co-enzymes. Lipids:  Definition and classification, structures and classification of fatty acids, essential and non-essential fatty acids. Ester formation, simple and mixed triglycerides. Fats and oils; hydrogenation, oxidation and rancidity, β-oxidation of fatty acids. Nucleic Acids:  Structural and functional differences between DNA and RNA. Structur5es of DNA and RNA, Central Dogma and its significance. Fundamentals of DNA replication, transcription and transition.

Practical

Proximate analysis of food/plant materials for moisture, crude protein, crude fibers, ash, ether extract and nitrogen free extract. Determination of true protein and oil contents of plant materials. Estimation of vitamin-C and pectin in fruit juices. Estimation of glucose, fructose and starch in plant products.

Suggested Readings

1. Boyer, R. 2009. Modern Experimental Biochemistry 3^rded (LPE). Pearson Education. New Delhi, India.
2. Murray, R.K., D.A. Bender, K. M. Botham, P.J. Kennelly, V.W. Rodwell and P.A.Weil. 2012. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. 29^th  McGraw Hill. New York.
3. Nelson, D.L and M.M. Cox. 2013. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 6th ed. WH Freeman & Company, New York, N.Y,U.S.A.
4. Sawhney, S.K. and R. Singh. 2009. Introductory Practical Biochemistry. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
5. Shawn, O.F.  and L. E. Taylor. 2009. Biochemistry Lab Manual. Cengage Learning, U.S.A.
6. Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger.  Plant Physiology. 5^th ed. Sinauer Associates Inc., U.S.A
7. Wilson, K. and J. Walker. 2010.  Practical Biochemistry: Principles and Techniques. 7^th Cambridge
   University Press.
8. Ali, M. et al., Experimental Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Series I), 2019, 2nd edition, ISBN: 978-969-23317-1-5
9. Ali, M. et al., Experimental Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Series II), 2019. 1st edition, ISBN: 978-969-23317-2-2.
10. Ali, M. et al., Experimental Biochemistry and Biotechnology (Series III), 2023, 1st edition, ISBN: 978-969-23317-6-0